0.写在前面
很久之前，我就在博客首页放了个视频，因为怕把视频这种大文件扔到对象存储或CDN上会导致昂贵的费用，所以把这些大文件扔到了一台美国的大硬盘服务器上。
最初的方案只是简易的搭建一个LNMP环境直接把这些大文件存储起来。于是在以后每次更换视频的时候，都要登录xftp去手动上传视频。最近感觉这样做太蛋疼了，而且又想放一些东西。一开始打算使用H5ai凑合就算了，但是再想想H5ai并不带管理功能，上传或修改文件仍要使用xftp工具，痛点仍未解决，于是萌生了这个使用自建云盘想法。
1.云盘选型
自建云盘首先想到的就是OwnCloud，NextCloud，Seafile这几个方案。网上都说NextCloud是OwnCloud的继任者(OwnCloud元老离开并创立NextCloud项目)，我也没深入研究，就不多说了。但是前两年使用OwnCloud的蛋疼经历至今我仍感觉历历在目，所以就OwnCloud好感度-1。
| 方案 \ 项目 | OwnCloud | NextCloud | Seafile |
| 环境依赖 | LNMP* | LNMP | 要求环境未安装其他环境应用 |
| 安装方便性 | 一般，需要下载整个项目然后安装，也可以使用Docker或包管理器进行安装 | 简易，只需要上传一个PHP文件并配置 | 困难，需要一个干净的环境使用包管理器进行安装 |
| 存储方式 | 文件存储，加密存储 | 文件存储 | 切片存储 |
| 存储可靠性* | 低 | 中 | 高 |
*以上表格内的 “存储可靠性” 一项无数据支撑，仅凭使用印象打分。
尽管Seafile的存储可靠性较高，但是由于其对环境的严格要求及存储方式的特别，注定了Seafile更适合于严谨的存储场景，例如企业自建云盘(本人以前就帮当时所在的高中部署了Seafile，用于存放视频、图片等资源，至今稳定运行2年有余)。
加上上文说到，两年前的几乎同一个时间，我又部署过OwnCloud，当时使用的是php5.6，慢的一批，而且LNMP服务经常宕机，加上OwnCloud当时的存储方式貌似是加密的，导致web服务损坏，丢失秘钥后，文件几乎无法恢复，所以当时觉得蛋疼至极，所以好感几乎为0
对比了这三个存储方案后，我选择了NextCloud。
问题又来了，我在使用NextCloud的过程中发现NextCloud更注重于云盘，很多设置是从文件安全性的角度出发。所以即使有文件分享，文件分享后，可以直接使用 “文件分享链接/download” 的形式作为直链，但这个直链如果直接嵌套在网页内容上，例如在video标签直接嵌套这个直链进行视频播放，会导致无限的302跳转。详情请看以下的Issue – Too many redirects for shared image links (direct link).
之后我又发现了NextCloud的一个插件(nextcloud-sharing-path)，说是可以把NextCloud当成CDN源站使用，但是也是没解决上述的无限的302跳转的问题。所以就想到了在data的某个目录下安装H5ai的想法。
让普通用户直接访问域名根目录，显示的是H5ai界面，同时管理员访问某个子目录(例如 a.com/_pan )可以进入NextCloud对文件进行管理。
综上所述，我们就需要配置Nginx伪静态规则实现这些想法。
1. 安装NextCloud
NextCloud的安装非常简单，此文不作详细叙述，下面放两个链接以供参考
但值得一提的是，我使用的Web服务器是Nginx，并且请在网站根目录创建_pan文件夹并把NextCloud安装进其中，以方便后续的Nginx配置
安装完成后，请记住您的用户名，并开始配置Nginx伪静态规则
Nginx伪静态设置
由于我们服务端不是安装在网站根目录，所以需要手动修改Nginx伪静态规则
# Add headers to serve security related headers
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
# topic first.
#add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer;
# Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
# Path to the root of your installation
root /var/www;
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /nextcloud/public.php?service=host-meta last;
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /nextcloud/public.php?service=host-meta-json last;
# The following rule is only needed for the Social app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/webfinger /nextcloud/public.php?service=webfinger last;
location = /.well-known/carddav {
return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/nextcloud/remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {
return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/nextcloud/remote.php/dav;
}
location /.well-known/acme-challenge { }
location ^~ /nextcloud {
# set max upload size
client_max_body_size 512M;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
# This module is currently not supported.
#pagespeed off;
location /nextcloud {
rewrite ^ /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri;
}
location ~ ^\/nextcloud\/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)\/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^\/nextcloud\/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^\/nextcloud\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+)\.php(?:$|\/) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
# Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
# Enable pretty urls
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}
location ~ ^\/nextcloud\/(?:updater|oc[ms]-provider)(?:$|\/) {
try_files $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
# Adding the cache control header for js, css and map files
# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
location ~ ^\/nextcloud\/.+[^\/]\.(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif|map)$ {
try_files $uri /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended
# to have those duplicated to the ones above)
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read
# into this topic first.
#add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer;
# Optional: Don't log access to assets
access_log off;
}
location ~ ^\/nextcloud\/.+[^\/]\.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg|bcmap)$ {
try_files $uri /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri;
# Optional: Don't log access to other assets
access_log off;
}
}
官方演示的目录是/nextcloud，所以我们要把伪静态规则中的nextcloud改为/_pan
# Add headers to serve security related headers
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
# topic first.
#add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer;
# Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
# Path to the root of your installation
root /var/www;
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /_pan/public.php?service=host-meta last;
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /_pan/public.php?service=host-meta-json last;
# The following rule is only needed for the Social app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/webfinger /_pan/public.php?service=webfinger last;
location = /.well-known/carddav {
return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/_pan/remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {
return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/_pan/remote.php/dav;
}
location /.well-known/acme-challenge { }
location ^~ /_pan{
# set max upload size
client_max_body_size 512M;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
# This module is currently not supported.
#pagespeed off;
location /_pan {
rewrite ^ /_pan/index.php$request_uri;
}
location ~ ^\/_pan\/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)\/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^\/_pan\/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^\/_pan\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+)\.php(?:$|\/) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
# Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
# Enable pretty urls
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}
location ~ ^\/_pan\/(?:updater|oc[ms]-provider)(?:$|\/) {
try_files $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
# Adding the cache control header for js, css and map files
# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
location ~ ^\/_pan\/.+[^\/]\.(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif|map)$ {
try_files $uri /_pan/index.php$request_uri;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended
# to have those duplicated to the ones above)
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read
# into this topic first.
#add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer;
# Optional: Don't log access to assets
access_log off;
}
location ~ ^\/_pan\/.+[^\/]\.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg|bcmap)$ {
try_files $uri /_pan/index.php$request_uri;
# Optional: Don't log access to other assets
access_log off;
}
}
改完后，记得更改配置文件中的root为你的网站根目录，并把fastcgi_pass php-handler指向你的php-fpm
自此，NextCloud部分就安装完毕
2.配置H5ai
首先在你的NextCloud账户中创建任意目录，本文使用public作为目录。
创建public目录后，nextcloud会相对应的在data/{NextCloud用户名}/files下创建public目录
所以我们要把H5ai安装在 data/{NextCloud用户名}/files/public 目录下让H5ai前端能访问到public目录下的所有内容。
请记得把_h5ai目录设置为 0770 权限，文件所有者和用户组要与Nginx和php-fpm保持一致。
为H5ai配置Nginx伪静态规则
我们想在域名根目录访问H5ai，所以要使用 location / 块来处理
location / {
root {root}/_pan/data/{NextCloud用户名}/files/public;
index index.php index.html /_h5ai/public/index.php;
location ~* ^.+\.(jpeg|jpg|png|gif|bmp|ico|svg|css|js)$ {
expires max;
}
location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
if (!-f $document_root$fastcgi_script_name) {
return 404;
}
fastcgi_pass {php-fpm地址及端口，例如:127.0.0.1:9009};
fastcgi_index index.php;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
}
}
记得把配置文件中的 root, NextCloud用户名, php-fpm地址及端口按自己实际情况更改，然后把配置放入Nginx虚拟机设置的Server块中。
自此，所有配置已经完成。
3.遇坑经历
配置这个东西花了我近3天的时间，下面说说我遇到的问题。
- NextCloud的data目录的权限一定要为 0770，否则打开NextCloud时会报 “RouteNotFoundException”
- Nginx与php-fpm的用户名与用户组应保持一致，否则H5ai会提示403 Forbidden。这是因为NextCloud对data中文件的访问不是直接走Nginx的，而是交由php-fpm处理的，而H5ai是直接交由Nginx处理的。如果php-fpm与Nginx的用户或用户组不一致时，加上上文提到NextCloud的data目录的权限一定要为 0770 ，Nginx就对data目录没有访问权限，所以就会返回403 Forbidden的错误。
- Safari浏览器不支持MKV格式的视频或H.265编码的视频。
4.写在最后
我对Nginx了解还不是很多，所以上述的Nginx伪静态设置如果有什么更好的方法或者存在什么漏洞，欢迎在留言里指出！(*^▽^*)
学到一手，等回家试试。
(⑅ōᴗō)۶nice